Examples of gallicas are the apothecary rose, from the 12th century, also known as rosa gallica officinalis, and the red rose of lancaster which is one of the most ancient gallicas. It is said to have been brought to france in the th century by the crusaders. Many scholars place the origin of rosa gallica in the caucasus. Verrier details the history of the rose and provides a catalog of descriptions. The wild species rosa gallica is in the parentage of all the old european roses though it is of little consequence today.
The gallicas are probably the oldest of all garden roses. With buds and petals rich in tonic, digestive and astringent properties, they provide remedies for skin rash, sore throat, stomatitis, or venous deficiency. Significant subgroups derived from rosa arvensis rosa pimpinellifolia rosa wichurana rosa. Red and white striped, this rose blooms in most climates. Her newest book, rosa gallica may do the same thing for another type of rose. The apothecarys rose dates back much further in history than the. Old fashion roses of which there are many varieties have the best scent. Media storehouse framed 20x16 print of rosa gallica officinalis 199317. Rosa the apothecays rose, red rose of lancaster, rose of provins, double french rose common namesoil. Apparently it was used as the badge for the house of lancaster in the battle for the english throne, hence its other common name rose of lancaster. Jun 02, 2016 roses, botany, garden, nature, flowers, plant, summer, passion for botany, biology. Favoured rose of monastical herberies of the middle ages. Fast forward a few thousand years and rosa gallica got itself tied up in a bloody war in england the war of the roses. Up until a few years ago, most nurseries carried only the most common varieties like apothecarys rose and rosa mundi and trying to track down some.
The other parent of autumn damask is supposed to have been a gallica, some form or descendent of r. Parent to many floribunda and hybrid tea roses, it is covered with profuse, semidouble, rich, deep reddishpink flowers, up to 3 in. Roses were first sold in pots, as were most plants, to fulfil the demands of the instant gardener, but the traditional method of supply is as bare root plants in the winter months, often by mail order. The gallica roses are one of the oldest garden rose varieties, with r. In the 19th century it was the most important species of rose to be cultivated, and most modern european rose cultivars have at least a small contribution from r. Rosa gallica, the gallic rose, french rose, or rose of provins, is a species of flowering plant in.
For centuries it was grown for its medicinal qualities, which is why it is widely known as the apothecarys rose. It forms a low branching shrub, the blooms held nicely poised above ample dark green foliage. The apothecarys rose rosa gallica officinalis is a beautiful rose with an ancient past. Islam swept through the area and zealots destroyed much of the texts of that time.
Its been online since 1995, and is run by henriette kress, a herbalist in helsinki, finland. The flowers of light crimson are semidouble and borne all over the bush in june. The picture above shows the most popular of all gallicas, the rosa mundi rose, and its flowers are striped and very lovely. Rosa gallica versicolor rosa mundi, before 1581 rosa mundi is a spectacular red and white striped sport of rosa gallica officinalis. Red roses cool, bind, strengthen both vital and animal virtue, restores such as are in consumptions, strengthen. Gallica red rose of lancaster the apothecarys rose. Elegant gallica is a particularly fine double form of the apothecarys rose that was found in the gardens of the wyck house, a 17thcentury historic site in germantown, pa, with a rose garden dating to the 1820s. Airdried petals of rosa gallica officinalis were purchased from ohtsuya co. Up until a few years ago, most nurseries carried only the most common varieties like apothecarys rose and rosa mundi and trying to track down some of the more obscure varieties required a lot of work. It is rosa gallica officinalis, the apothecarys rose, and its history in these islands goes back to the middle ages. The flowers are followed by small round hips in the autumn. Rosa gallica, the gallic rose, french rose, or rose of provins, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family, native to southern and central europe eastwards to turkey and the caucasus.
Verriers earlier book, rosa rugosa, convinced many gardeners to abandon their hybrid tea roses for the older roses. Promising silken petals in crimson, purple, mauve, magenta, and intense pink with a few magnificent pale pinks among the ranks, verrier says that rosa gallica and their offspring offer tolerence to shade, delicious fragrances, elegant flowers, and leaves that go all the way down to the bottom of. This digital collection of thousands of page images of wellknown and esoteric illustrated botanical plate books is inspired by an exhibition and subsequent monograph, nature illustrated. The oldest cultivated rose, deep pink to carmine red with a mauve undertone. Rosa gallica rosa moschata rosa fetschenkoana rosa canina rosa chinensis rosa gigantea rosa foetida rosa multiflora. Its also known as apothecarys rose, because during the past thousand years it has been used by. Until recently, it was difficult to find information about gallica roses. From rosa gallica, a species indigenous to central and southern europe including france hence gallica, meaning of gaul. The apothecarys rose, known to botanists as rosa gallica officinalis, is one of the most. Browse pictures and read growth cultivation information about old garden rose, species rosa gallica officinalis apothecarys rose supplied by member gardeners in the plantfiles database at da. Rosa gallica officinalis shrub rose peter beales roses. Roses, clematis and peonies and everything gardening related. There is a layer of hairs around the seeds just beneath the flesh of the fruit.
The species rosa gallica is the aboriginal source of the garden group, gallica roses. Also known as the apothecarys rose it is still in cultivation and was in fact the red rose of lancaster. Things to do in provins, the perfect history day trip from paris. Media in category rosa officinalis the following 18 files are in this category, out of 18 total. It is also said to be the red rose of lancaster, the emblem chosen by the house of lancaster at the time of the war of the roses. Noted for its fragrance, this rose has a bland, unconi plicated sweetness which is a. Rosa gallica officinalis rose red gallica, historic rose. Red roses cool, bind, strengthen both vital and animal virtue, restores such as are in consumptions. Planted in the walled gardens, convents and monasteries of medieval europe, the apothecarys rose is a special plant with a meaningful legacy. Rosa gallica officinalis is probably one of the oldest cultivated roses and was almost certainly grown by the romans. Probably brought back from the seventh crusade where it became the basis of a vast medicinal industry. Antistress effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of rosa.
The oldest of all european medieval roses, it is considered to be the longest cultivated rose in human history. Rosa gallica is one of the earliest cultivated species of roses. Rosa gallica officinalis monaco nature encyclopedia. Rosier des apothicaires the new york public library digital collections. This lightweight moisturizer targets visible signs of aging. Rosa gallica opens the collection ephemere, a range of fragrances. Apothecary rose fact sheet herb federation of new zealand. New perfume and candle from the french house brecourt were introduced at fragranze 2012. Media storehouse framed 20x16 print of rosa gallica.
The apothecarys rose, by leslie wilson the history girls. Comparatively few of the hundred or more rose species found in the wild have contributed to the make up of presentday garden roses. This page is best viewed in an uptodate web browser with style sheets css enabled. Rosa gallica officinalis shrub rose bare root or container. The exact species or cultivar which the red rose relates to is uncertain, but it is thought to be rosa gallica officinalis.
Here there is a mystery, because gallicas do not repeat their flower, and the received wisdom is that a first generation hybrid raised from one repeating and. The large petals dry well for potpourri, but are not recommended for fresh cut or dried flowers. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. The apothecarys rose dates back much further in history than the renaissance, however. The apothecary rose rosa gallica officinalis is a beautiful rose with an ancient past. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the plants classification report. A brief history of historic roses historic roses group. It is in flower from june to july, and the seeds ripen from august to october. Pliny says that the romans called england alba because of the white roses rosa alba that bloomed so prolifically there.
Gallica definition is a compact fragrant european rose rosa gallica having usually pink, red, or crimson flowers that yield an oil used especially in perfumery. It was these roses that played a key part in the development of david austins. These hairs can cause irritation to the mouth and digestive tract if ingested. Since roman times, the wild roses from provins were known as the rosa gallica. In the 17th century the dutch started to breed new varieties, and later the french continued their development on a very large scale.
Old garden rose, species rosa gallica officinalis apothecary. This beloved rose grows 3 to 4 feet tall and bears crimsonmagenta blooms in late spring through early summer. The plant can spread by suckers, so prune unwanted growth regularly. This is the traditional rose used for medicine and perfumery. The apothecarys rose, known to botanists as rosa gallica officinalis, is one of the most celebrated of all ancient roses. Rosa gallica is the only easily accessible and complete guide to these ancient. Summer flowering old roses are the true old roses of early european origin. A monastic herb garden which has been re created at jedburgh abbey, scotland. Rosa gallica officinalis, sometimes called the red damask, was often pictured in.
The plant will often revert back to its parent, apothecarys rose now rosa gallica officinalis, so it isnt uncommon to see both roses on the same plant. However, as people discovered their medicinal properties of roses, roses were cultivated into the rosa gallica officinalis. Gallica is one of the major digital libraries available for free via the internet. It was used for medicinal purposes and fragrance in the 9th century. The gallica, gallica hybrid, or rose of provins group is a very old class developed from rosa gallica, which is a native of central and southern europe and western asia.
The species is hermaphrodite has both male and female organs and is pollinated by bees. Emilie bourge, the founder and perfumer of the french perfume house brecourt, pays homage to the queen of flowers in rosa gallica. Horticultural group gallica roses are compact, prickly shrubs with dull green foliage and generally fragrant, single to double flowers in small clusters in midsummer details r. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get. Gallica is intended to all readers, whether users just having a look, booklovers. Red roses cool, bind, strengthen both vital and animal virtue. Rosa gallica officinalis, gallicarose or apothecarys rose, before 1240. Natural variation gave rise to forms with a few extra petals, of which the best known is r.
Shop laura merciers the perfect cream multitasking moisturizer at sephora. Mix 25 litres farmyard manure, or pulverized tree bark with bone meal, in soil before planting. Plant information taken from the plants for a future. Beautiful gallicas are the oldest roses cultivated in western gardens and are.
Henriettes herbal is one of the oldest and largest herbal medicine sites on the net. Apr 25, 2018 its said that the rose first came to provins via thibaud iv, count of champagne, after he visited israel in the 1200s. The rose was first adopted as a heraldic device by the first earl of lancaster. The complete book of roses provides a general history and guide through. Rosa gallica officinalis is considered the first rose cultivated in a garden setting. Jun 23, 2017 it is rosa gallica officinalis, the apothecarys rose, and its history in these islands goes back to the middle ages. Its semidouble sport or seedling officinalis is light crimson, is of unknown antiquity and has a wonderful striped sport in versicolor known as rosa. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. The following is a selected list of rose varieties and cultivars which currently 2017 hold the royal horticultural societys award of garden merit. It was one of the first species of rose to be cultivated in central europe.
Noted for its beauty and exceptional fragrance, rosa gallica var. The rosa gallica of gaul was also common in the british isles from early times. It is considered one of the best, especially when grown in rich soil. Flowers, plants, and trees, 15501900 1989, by bernard mctigue, the late former curator of the arents collection and keeper of rare books. Rosa gallica is a deciduous shrub growing to 2 m 6ft by 1 m 3ft 3in. The national arboretum book of outstanding garden plants. The red rose of lancaster a rose gules is the county flower of lancashire. Depicted in the art and culture of ancient civilizations, the apothecary rose featured in early minoan wall frescoes, as early as 15001600bc. This book is an essential source of information about the gallicas and in it suzanne. Many plants bear the names of saints or of the virgin mary, and until this century were used for a range of medicinal and quasi magical purposes.